Former White House Fellow and Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (1975-77); Associate Director, Policy and Programs at the USIA (1982-84); Presidentially appointed member of the Board of Directors of the United States Institute of Peace (1985-2000).

Member, Advisory Board, Search for Common Ground, council on foreign Relations, International Institute for Strategic Studies; Director, Program in Southeast Asia Studies; Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Fletcher School, Tuft University, Medford, Massachusetts.